class: center, middle # Introductory Workshop  <br>1-hour online workshop<br>with Jake Rayson ### Press `p` for notes --- class: middle # Outline 1. Definition 2. Stages 1. Plan 2. Structure 3. Cultivate 3. Reference --- # Why?  ??? * Ecological & Climate Emergency * 3.5°C by 2050 --- # Why?  * Well-being * Wildlife * Productive * Your health --- # Definition — Forest Garden [](https://youtu.be/Q_m_0UPOzuI) A productive garden that emulates the edge of woodland and works with natural processes. ??? * Still from Thomas Regnault’s short film of Martin Crawford’s forest garden * See his video for nice, visual introduction <https://youtu.be/Q_m_0UPOzuI> * Forest garden, food forest or edible landscape * “Grow edible crops in a wildlife garden” * An edible ecosystem --- # Definition — Characteristics  1. **Sustainable** — <abbr title="Integrated Pest Control">IPC</abbr>, nutrients, perennials 2. **Productive** — produce, layers, low maintenance 3. **Wildlife friendly** — ecosystem, native plants ??? Illustration used with permission from Martin Crawford’s Creating a Forest Garden --- # Definition — Layers [](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/v1644185966/seven-layers-graham-burnett.jpg) 1. **Canopy** _eg [Stone Pine](https://pfaf.org/USER/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Pinus+pinea)_ 2. **Small tree** _eg semi-dwarf [Medlar](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Mespilus+germanica)_ 3. **Shrub** _eg [Lemonade Bush](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Rhus+aromatica)_ 4. **Herbaceous** _eg [Meadowsweet](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Filipendula+ulmaria)_ 5. **Root** _eg [Hopniss](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Apios+americana)_ 6. **Ground cover** _eg [Bugle](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Ajuga+reptans)_ 7. **Climber** _eg [Caucasian Spinach](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Hablitzia+tamnoides)_ ??? * Illustration by Graham Burnett, open license, from his book "Permaculture A Beginners Guide" <https://spiralseed.co.uk> --- # Definition — Guidelines [](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_1280/v1573738171/tree-spacing-169.png) 1. [Spacing](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/spacing/) 2. [Windbreaks](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/windbreaks/) 3. [Native](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/native/) --- # Intersectional gardening  * Wildlife * Edible * Ornamental --- class: middle # 3 stages 1. **Plan** — observe & design 2. **Structure** — hedges, trees, paths 3. **Cultivate** — prep, shrubs, cover ??? * Purposefully left out species — look ’em up * **Native where possible** * Diversity * Habitat --- class: middle, center # <span style="font-size:3em;">1. Plan</span> --- class: middle, center [](https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/product/creating-a-forest-garden-2/) # [Buy this book](https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/product/creating-a-forest-garden-2/) ??? * Forest Garden Spreadsheet [bit.ly/forest-garden-spreadsheet](https://bit.ly/forest-garden-spreadsheet) --- # Plan — Map  * 5mm squared A3 paper * Work out your scale! * 1:50 means 1m = 2cm --- # Plan — Observations  1. **Position** — aspect, elevation, slope 2. **Elements** — water, wind, sun, earth 3. **Features** — habitat, utilities, structures, access 4. **Situation** — neighbours, roads, noise, self **[Checklist PDF](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/v1591883718/forest-garden-planning-checklist.pdf)** ??? * [Sun Surveyor app](https://www.sunsurveyor.com/) * Soil test - pH, nutrients, soil jar test --- # Plan — Wishlist  * **Features** — wildlife, seating, structures * **Plants** — [Spreadsheet](https://bit.ly/forest-garden-spreadsheet), [PFAF](https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx) * **Inspiration** — [Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.co.uk/) for pictures --- # Design  ### “Purposefully putting things<br>  in the right place” --- # Design on paper  * Add observations * Add wishlists * Circles for trees * [Spacing](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/spacing/), [Windbreaks](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/windbreaks/), [Native](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/native/) --- class: middle, center # <span style="font-size:2.4em;">2. Structure</span> --- # Windbreak  * [Windbreak hedge](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/windbreak/) * [Dead hedge](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/dead-hedge/) * [Nurse tree](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/nurse-tree/) * Polytunnel etc --- # Paths  * Define **areas** * Grass * Wood chip * Hard surface ??? Watch out for Grass Creep and The War on Grass! --- # Perennial veg  * Paths, signage, kitchen, attention * [Alison Tindale](https://twitter.com/BackyardLarder) at [Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk) * [Mandy Barber](https://twitter.com/IncredibleVeg) at [Incredible Vegetables](https://www.incrediblevegetables.co.uk) * [Stephen Barstow](https://twitter.com/s_barstow) at [Edimentals](http://www.edimentals.com/blog/) * Alan Carter at [FoodForest.Garden](https://www.foodforest.garden/) --- # Canopy  * **Windbreaks**!! * Spacing ¼ to ½ average canopy [diameter](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/spacing/) * Choose right [rootstock](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/rootstock/) * Pollinating partners ??? * Measure twice, plant once --- class: middle, center # <span style="font-size:2.5em;">3. Cultivate</span> --- # Propagate  Much cheaper. Aim for: * Easy * Native * Ground cover & hedging --- # Timing  * One **area** at a time * 3-5 plants per m² * 10m x 10m = 400 plants --- # Deturf  * Turfing iron — smallest * Cardboard mulch — small * Mini-digger — big ??? No more plastic! --- # Planting process  1. Layer bark **mulch** 2. Plant **shrubs** 3. **Ground cover** 3-5 per m² 4. **Temporary** ground cover --- class: middle, center # _Break it down_ # Plan, Canopy, Cultivate --- # What do I need?  * Energy * Initial hump * **Any** space * Time & attention * Money --- # Reference  * Martin Crawford’s [Creating a Forest Garden](https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/product/creating-a-forest-garden-2/) * [Forest Garden Spreadsheet](https://bit.ly/forest-garden-spreadsheet) * [Plants for a Future](http://www.pfaf.org/) database of useful plants * [RHS Plant Finder](https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/Search-Form) with native filter * [Orange Pippin](https://www.orangepippin.com/apples), super fruit tree reference --- class: middle, center # The End  <hello@natureworks.org.uk> [natureworks.org.uk/newsletter](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/newsletter)