class: center, middle # Perennial vegetables _Resilient, delicious & nutritious_ ![Close up of kale leaf](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_390,h_219/v1559502337/kale-21EB2C25.jpg) ##### [The Backyard Forest](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/backyard/) by [Jake Rayson](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/) [natureworks.org.uk/backyard/veg](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/backyard/veg/) ###### **Press `P` to see notes and credits**
Work licensed under [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), embedded work may have other licenses. ??? * Greetings & welcome to The Backyard Forest! * My name is Jake Rayson & I'm a forest gardener & forest garden designer * This section is all about setting up a productive perennial vegetable patch --- # Course overview
1. [Introducing](../intro/) 2. [Plan](../plan/) 3. [Design](../design/) 4. [
Protect
](../protect/) 5. [
Perennial Veg
](../veg/) π 6. [
Canopy
](../canopy/) 7. [Ground Prep](../prep/) 8. [Shrubs & Ground Cover](../shrubs/) ??? * Number 3 in series of 8 lectures in total * First 3 lectures are about observing, planning and designing. * Middle 3 lectures getting hands dirty starting the _structure_ of the garden: establishing windbreaks, building features, establishing paths and planting the canopy layer, the big trees. * Final 2 lectures are about filling in the structure: clearing the ground, and then planting the shrubs and the ground cover. --- # What youβll learn ![Close up of kale leaf](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1559502337/kale-21EB2C25.jpg) 1. Importance of accessibility 2. Protecting your crops 3. My pick of perennial veg
Accessibility β Protection β Top 10
--- # Why perennial? ![Rows of veg, all in a line](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1562357894/glebelands-3FCADAE1.jpg) * More resilient * More nutritious * Soil health & wildlife * [Vegetables for the Venerable](https://backyardlarder.co.uk/2018/11/vegetables-for-the-venerable/)
Accessibility β Protection β Top 10
??? * Big cultural shift: different plants with different harvests, & different ways to cook * Perennials fill the βHungry Gapβ of annual veg * It doesnβt have to scale at homes * Annuals constant work: sowing, planting out, weeding, wateringβ¦ * Planting 4,000 leeks * Backyard Larder articles * [Vegetables for the Venerable](https://backyardlarder.co.uk/2018/11/vegetables-for-the-venerable/) * [Update 1: Vegetables for the Venerable](https://backyardlarder.co.uk/2019/02/vegetables-venerable-update/) * [Update 2: Vegetables for the Venerable](https://backyardlarder.co.uk/2019/06/vegetables-venerable-update-2/) --- class: middle, center # 1. Accessibility
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # 1. Accessibility ![Hoverfly on small white flowers](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573476908/hoverfly-169-E5ECB490.jpg) 1. Paths π 2. Signage 3. Close to kitchen 4. Access to knowledge 5. Attention
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
??? * Access for predators & pollinators --- class: center # People paths
lead to
attention ![Mown grass path, polytunnel & trees in background](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_480/v1558731383/path-B5621E0D.jpg)
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
??? * Wood chip on sloped paths, as βmeshesβ together * Bark better for flat paths, lasts longer * To stop grass creep, edge paths with branches --- # 1. Accessibility ![Hoverfly on small white flowers](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573476908/hoverfly-169-E5ECB490.jpg) 1. Paths 2. Signage π 3. Close to kitchen 4. Access to knowledge 5. Attention
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- class: center # Good signage
is easier
for everyone ![3 wooden signs saying: Spinach, Cabbage, Onion](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_480/v1572977322/signs-DEE19707.jpg)
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # 1. Accessibility ![Hoverfly on small white flowers](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573476908/hoverfly-169-E5ECB490.jpg) 1. Paths 2. Signage 3. Close to kitchen π 4. Access to knowledge 5. Attention
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # Close to kitchen ![CAD plan of forest garden](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1580908407/cad-hedgerows-parterre-169.png) * _Zoning_ * Most used, closest * Herbs β salad β leafy greens
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # 1. Accessibility ![Hoverfly on small white flowers](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573476908/hoverfly-169-E5ECB490.jpg) 1. Paths 2. Signage 3. Close to kitchen 4. Access to knowledge π 5. Attention
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # Access to knowledge ![Screenshot of Backyard Larder website](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1572876511/backyard-larder-191104.jpg) * [Alison Tindale](https://twitter.com/BackyardLarder) at [Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk) π * [Mandy Barber](https://twitter.com/IncredibleVeg) at [Incredible Vegetables](https://www.incrediblevegetables.co.uk) * [Stephen Barstow](https://twitter.com/s_barstow) at [Edimentals](http://www.edimentals.com/blog/) * Alan Carter [Of Plums and Pignuts](https://scottishforestgarden.wordpress.com/) * Plants For A Future [PFAF.org](https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx)
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # Access to knowledge ![Screenshot of Incredible Vegetables website](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1594151579/incredible-vegetables.jpg) * [Alison Tindale](https://twitter.com/BackyardLarder) at [Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk) * [Mandy Barber](https://twitter.com/IncredibleVeg) at [Incredible Vegetables](https://www.incrediblevegetables.co.uk) π * [Stephen Barstow](https://twitter.com/s_barstow) at [Edimentals](http://www.edimentals.com/blog/) * Alan Carter [Of Plums and Pignuts](https://scottishforestgarden.wordpress.com/) * Plants For A Future [PFAF.org](https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx)
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # Access to knowledge ![Screenshot of Edimentals website](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1594151426/edimentals.com.jpg) * [Alison Tindale](https://twitter.com/BackyardLarder) at [Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk) * [Mandy Barber](https://twitter.com/IncredibleVeg) at [Incredible Vegetables](https://www.incrediblevegetables.co.uk) * [Stephen Barstow](https://twitter.com/s_barstow) at [Edimentals](http://www.edimentals.com/blog/) π * Alan Carter [Of Plums and Pignuts](https://scottishforestgarden.wordpress.com/) * Plants For A Future [PFAF.org](https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx)
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
??? * [Edimentals & Perennial Vegetables Facebook Group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/273637002647408/), managed by Stephen Barstow --- # Access to knowledge ![Screenshot of Of Plums and Pignuts website](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1594211891/of-plums-and-pignuts.jpg) * [Alison Tindale](https://twitter.com/BackyardLarder) at [Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk) * [Mandy Barber](https://twitter.com/IncredibleVeg) at [Incredible Vegetables](https://www.incrediblevegetables.co.uk) * [Stephen Barstow](https://twitter.com/s_barstow) at [Edimentals](http://www.edimentals.com/blog/) * Alan Carter [Of Plums and Pignuts](https://scottishforestgarden.wordpress.com/) π * Plants For A Future [PFAF.org](https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx)
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # Access to knowledge ![Screenshot of Plants For A Future website](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1572877705/pfaf-191104.jpg) * [Alison Tindale](https://twitter.com/BackyardLarder) at [Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk) * [Mandy Barber](https://twitter.com/IncredibleVeg) at [Incredible Vegetables](https://www.incrediblevegetables.co.uk) * [Stephen Barstow](https://twitter.com/s_barstow) at [Edimentals](http://www.edimentals.com/blog/) * Alan Carter [Of Plums and Pignuts](https://scottishforestgarden.wordpress.com/) * Plants For A Future [PFAF.org](https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx) π
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # 1. Accessibility ![Hoverfly on small white flowers](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573476908/hoverfly-169-E5ECB490.jpg) 1. Paths 2. Signage 3. Close to kitchen 4. Access to knowledge 5. Attention π
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- # Attention ![Weeds in bark mulch](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1543960218/weeding-44068045164.jpg) * Paths & signage! * Will always need to weed π * What grows naturally? * Shady forest garden
Accessibility
β Protection β Top 10
--- class: middle, center # 2. Protection
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
--- # 2. Protection ![Raised beds, with orange marigolds growing at edges](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1565295191/raised-beds-A41D17F3.jpg) * Weed _(verb)_ π * Slugs * Wind * Netting
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
??? * Weed is not a noun! --- # 2. Protection ![Closeup black slug](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573647710/slug-6603403827.jpg) * Weed _(verb)_ * Slugs π * Wind * Netting
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
??? * Photo 'The Most Important Slug In The World, Part III: To Dungeons Deep' by Benjamin Dobson [on Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/photos/systemaabstra/6603403827/ ) --- # 2. Protection ![Stacks of old branches forming a dead hedge](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1555776614/deadhedge-39D0EDB7.jpg) * Weed _(verb)_ * Slugs * Wind π * Netting
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
??? * [Windbreak](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/windbreak/) * [Nurse tree](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/nurse-tree/) * [Dead hedge](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/blog/dead-hedging-forest-garden/) --- # 2. Protection ![Wood pigeon on long grass lawn](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1581596360/wood-pigeon-34426184822.jpg) * Weed _(verb)_ * Slugs * Wind * Netting π
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
??? * Photo by hedera.baltica on [Flickr](https://flickr.com/photos/hedera_baltica/34426184822/) --- class: center # Treat like annuals
until perennial ![Big bushy leaves in raised bed](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1572208170/turkish-rocket-822FC95B.jpg) Compost β’ Mulch β’ Weed
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
--- #Β Hot compost technique π₯ ![Pallet compost bays](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1565295186/compostbay-5A3C3B80.jpg) * 3 bays, in rotation * 50/50 green & brown, chopped * Plastic keeps moisture in * Turn twice weekly π°
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
??? * Mulch everything * Protect the soil * Big thank you to Adam and Lesley at [Glebelands Market Garden](http://glebelandsmarketgarden.co.uk) for the experience & knowledge! --- # No-dig ![Raised bed with compost mulch & dozen plants growing](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1572208174/plantain-B915DCB4.jpg) * [Ruth Stout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Stout) US pioneer with straw * [Charles Dowding](https://charlesdowding.co.uk) UK advocate * Use **compost** mulch * Apply 1" in winter
Accessibility β
Protection
β Top 10
??? * Protect the soil! * [The Ruth Stout No-Work Garden Book](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/165688.The_Ruth_Stout_No_Work_Garden_Book) * Straw doesnβt work as mulch in UK because, slugs * [No Dig Organic Home & Garden](https://charlesdowding.co.uk/product/no-dig-organic-home-garden/) by Charles Dowding & Stephanie Hafferty --- class: middle, center # 3. Top 10
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
--- # Top 10 Perennial Veg 1. [Caucasian Spinach](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Hablitzia+tamnoides) 2. [Day Lillies](https://pfaf.org/user/cmspage.aspx?pageid=63) 3. [Welsh Onion](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+cepa) 4. [Garden Sorrel](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Rumex+acetosa) 5. [Good King Henry](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Chenopodium+bonus-henricus) 6. [Perennial Kale](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Brassica+oleracea+ramosa) 7. [Perennial Leek](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+ampeloprasum) 8. [Siberian Purslane](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Claytonia+sibirica) 9. [Turkish Rocket](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Bunias+orientalis) 10. [Wild Garlic](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+ursinum)
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * [Sea Kale](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Crambe+maritima) is good too * Photo 'Flowering sea kale' by UnconventionalEmma [on Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/photos/fluffymuppet/5643574744/) --- # 1. [Caucasian Spinach](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Hablitzia+tamnoides) ![Pointy green leaves of young Caucasian Spinach](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573648501/hablitzia-tamnoides-flower-buds.jpg) * Has its own [Facebook group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/hablitzia/)! * Herbaceous perennial * Vigorous climber, up to 3 metres * Moist soil, tolerates full shade
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo 'Hablitzia tamnoides flower buds' by Marc de Ruijter [on Wikipedia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hablitzia_tamnoides_flower_buds.jpg) --- # 2. [Day Lillies](https://pfaf.org/user/cmspage.aspx?pageid=63) ![Dark red long & exotic petals of Day Lilly](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573648746/hemerocallis-6021369095.jpg) * No. of species, [huge range of colours](https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/Search-Results?form-mode=true&context=l%3Den%26q%3D%2523all%26sl%3DplantForm&query=hemerocallis) * Edible flowers & flower buds * Easy to grow * 60cm-90cm tall
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo 'Daylily Ed Murray 2011' by jacki-dee [on Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/photos/werms/6021369095) --- # 3. [Welsh Onion](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+cepa) ![Upright oniony stalks with flower buds on top](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573648932/allium-fistulosum-17194564940.jpg) * Use leaves as chives, bulb as spring onion * Flowering stalk hardens * Dies back in winter * [Everlasting Onion](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+cepa) 'Perutile' fresh leaves all winter
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Can get non-flowering cultivar * Photo 'Welsh Onion Allium fistulosum' by Eric Toensmeier [on Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/photos/132177911@N05/17194564940/) --- # 4. [Garden Sorrel](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Rumex+acetosa) ![Upright green leaves of Garden Sorrel](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573649088/rumex-acetosa-burschik.jpg) * Strong lemon flavour * Mix leaves in salad * Contains oxalic acid * Roots, flowers & seeds also edible
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo by Burschik [on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorrel#/media/File:Rumex_acetosa_cultivar_01.jpg) * Non-flowering Garden Sorrel available --- # 5. [Good King Henry](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Chenopodium+bonus-henricus) ![Pointy leaves and long flower spike of Good King Henry](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573649218/gkh-7379010230.jpg) * Leaves spinach substitute * Edible flower shoots & seeds * Dies back in winter * Member of Sorghum family
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo 'GKH Flower' by UnconventionalEmma [on Flickr](https://flickr.com/photos/fluffymuppet/7379010230/) * [Amaranth family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthaceae) includes beets & spinach * [Goosefoot genus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium) includes Millet, quinoa, Fat Hen --- # 6. [Perennial Kale](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Brassica+oleracea+ramosa) ![Purpley green leaf of Taunton Deane perennial kale](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1559502337/kale-21EB2C25.jpg) * Protect when young * Daubentonβs Kale, Taunton Deane, Portugese Kale * Can grow very tall! * Eat younger leaves, remove older leaves
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? --- # 7. [Perennial Leek](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+ampeloprasum) ![Line of clumpy of leek-alike plants](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573649483/perennial-leek-13092082.jpg) * Cultivar of [Wild Leek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_ampeloprasum) * 'St Victor x Oerprei' from [Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk/shop/perennial-leek-st-victor-x-oerprei/) * [Babingtonβs Leek](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+ampeloprasum+babingtonii) smaller & garlicky * Harvest thicker shanks, replant thinner
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo 'Perennial Leek' by Alison Tindale [on Backyard Larder](https://backyardlarder.co.uk/shop/perennial-leek-st-victor-x-oerprei/) --- # 8. [Siberian Purslane](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Claytonia+sibirica) ![Five petalled lined pink flower, succulent leaves](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1554737894/siberianpurslane-B2C4CD90.jpg) * Earthy tasting leaves, raw or cooked * Propagates well if happy * Makes a good ground cover * Tolerates full shade
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo by Jake Rayson --- # 9. [Turkish Rocket](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Bunias+orientalis) ![Big bushy leaves in raised bed](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1572208170/turkish-rocket-822FC95B.jpg) * Cook leaves * Flower buds broccoli substitute * Loved by slugs! * Grow from seed
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo by Jake Rayson --- # 10. [Wild Garlic](https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+ursinum) ![Path leading through woodland, floor carpeted in white flowers](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1573649600/ramsons-16450748809.jpg) * Rampant Ramsons in spring * Pungent smell, delicate flavour * Cook briefly * Good ground cover with [Ground Ivy](https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Glechoma+hederacea)
Accessibility β Protection β
Top 10
??? * Photo 'Wild Garlic (Ramsons) flowering in woodland' by ukgardenphotos [on Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/photos/ukgardenphotos/16450748809/) * Can take over a plot --- # Backyard Forest takeaways ![Close up of kale leaf](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1559502337/kale-21EB2C25.jpg) 1. Accessibility, attention, protection 2. Treat like annuals until perennial 3. [Plants For A Future](https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx)!
Accessibility β Protection β Top 10
--- class: middle, center # The End ![Small edible forest garden, wooden planks and woodchip paths](https://res.cloudinary.com/growdigital/image/upload/w_420,h_236/v1591005392/plank-edging-forest-garden-169.jpg)
[natureworks.org.uk/newsletter](https://www.natureworks.org.uk/newsletter) Music: _[Chegsticks](https://iamthemightyjungulator.bandcamp.com/track/chegsticks-3) by [I Am The Mighty Jungulator](https://iamthemightyjungulator.bandcamp.com)_